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Best Practices for Reducing AWS EC2 Costs

Last updated

March 10, 2025

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Last updated

March 10, 2025

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CONTENTS

Best Practices for Reducing AWS EC2 Costs

Cloud computing offers flexibility and scalability, but managing costs, especially with AWS, can be challenging. Among AWS services, EC2 is often the largest cost driver, accounting for an estimated 30% to 40% of customer cloud bills, representing a potential $40 billion in revenue for Amazon. The complexities of AWS billing can make cost optimization feel like an ongoing struggle solving one issue often leads to another.

However, reducing EC2 costs doesn’t have to be a continuous battle. By applying best practices, leveraging AWS’s native tools, and integrating autonomous platforms like Sedai, businesses can take control of their cloud budget. With smart decisions and automation, significant savings can be achieved without compromising performance or reliability.

Optimizing AWS EC2 costs requires a combination of smart tooling, strategic instance selection, and ongoing cost management. In this guide, we break down the best ways to reduce EC2 expenses, starting with tools that simplify optimization, followed by engineering best practices for selecting the right instances. 

We’ll then cover cost-saving opportunities with Spot Instances, efficient auto-scaling techniques, and the importance of continuous monitoring to sustain long-term savings. By integrating solutions like Sedai, you can automate these steps and make cost efficiency a seamless part of your cloud operations.

For a comprehensive overview of AWS EC2 instance types and their detailed characteristics, visit our AWS EC2 Instances Guide.

AWS Cost Management Tools

Effective cost management starts with AWS’s native tools. These tools are designed to help you get a grip on your spending and understand what’s eating up your budget. Here’s a deeper dive into how you can effectively use them:

AWS Cost Explorer

AWS Cost Explorer is an essential tool for visualizing, understanding, and managing your AWS costs and usage over time. It features an easy-to-use interface that allows you to quickly create custom reports to analyze cost and usage data. Cost Explorer is invaluable for gaining insights into your cloud spending by identifying cost drivers, detecting anomalies, and forecasting future expenditures. Here's how it works in detail:

AWS Cost Explorer Features
Feature Description
Visualize Costs and Usage Offers a visual representation of spending across services, regions, and accounts, allowing deep analysis of cost distribution.
Preconfigured Views and Custom Reports Provides pre-built views for instant insights and allows the creation of custom reports tailored to specific services or accounts.
Forecast Costs and Usage Enables users to create 12-month forecasts to estimate future AWS bills, useful for budgeting and setting alarms.
Granular Filtering Supports daily, monthly, hourly, and resource-level granularity, offering precise insights into cost drivers.
Enablement and Updates Data is prepared for the current and previous 12 months, available in about 24 hours, and updated at least once daily.
Use Case – Custom Applications Cost Explorer API allows integration into custom applications for real-time budget visibility and analytics.

Integrating AWS Cost Explorer with Sedai can further optimize cost analysis, as Sedai automates the insights obtained from Cost Explorer to continuously make decisions that minimize cloud spending without manual intervention.

AWS Trusted Advisor

AWS Trusted Advisor is a comprehensive tool that helps you optimize costs, improve performance, strengthen security, and enhance resilience across your AWS environment. Trusted Advisor continuously evaluates your AWS setup using best practice checks in categories such as cost optimization, performance, resilience, security, operational excellence, and service limits. Here’s how AWS Trusted Advisor can help you:

AWS Recommendations Table

AWS Recommendations Table

Feature Description
Optimize Costs and Efficiency Identifies underutilized or idle resources (e.g., idle EC2 instances, unused EBS volumes) and recommends cost-saving actions like purchasing Reserved Instances.
Performance and Security Enhancements Evaluates configuration to optimize performance and address security vulnerabilities, ensuring compliance with AWS standards.
Service Limits and Resilience Checks Monitors AWS service usage and identifies redundancy shortfalls, ensuring resource limits are not exceeded and maintaining resilience.
Access Levels Provides 56 checks for all AWS accounts. AWS Business Support or higher unlocks an additional 426 checks for deeper insights.
Prioritize Important Recommendations Offers prioritized recommendations based on business priorities and critical applications for Enterprise Support customers.
Streamline Collaboration and Integrate at Scale Aggregates recommendations across the organization and integrates programmatically using the Trusted Advisor API for tracking and automation.

Sedai can be seamlessly integrated with Trusted Advisor to autonomously implement the recommendations provided by the tool, enhancing cost efficiency and improving security and performance without manual effort. By using Sedai, your AWS environment can remain continuously optimized according to AWS best practices, allowing you to maximize savings and operational excellence.

AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR)

AWS Cost and Usage Reports (CUR) is an indispensable tool for diving deeper into your AWS cost and usage data. It provides highly granular billing information, enabling you to better understand and optimize your cloud spending. Here’s how AWS CUR can help you manage and reduce AWS costs effectively:

AWS Cost Management Table

AWS Cost Management Table

Feature Description
Optimization Opportunities CUR provides insights at the resource level to understand cost drivers and uncover cost optimization opportunities.
Organize Cost and Usage Data Allows you to organize cost and usage data using AWS cost categories and allocation tags to categorize expenses effectively.
Create Billing Reports Create and publish detailed billing reports, which can break down cloud costs for finance and accounting purposes.
Customized Data Exports Create customized exports of billing and cost data with AWS Data Exports, also integrate with Amazon QuickSight dashboards for visualization.
Track Savings Plan Usage CUR helps track and amortize Savings Plans and Reserved Instances, allowing appropriate internal cost allocations.
Cost Anomaly Detection Allows analysis of cost anomalies, helping understand unexpected increases or decreases in costs for timely action.
Integrate with Member Accounts Works across multiple accounts to provide a complete picture of costs and usage for the entire organization, useful for enterprises managing several AWS accounts.

Sedai leverages the AWS Cost and Usage Report to make real-time, data-driven decisions that align your cloud resource usage with cost-saving best practices. By continuously analyzing usage and cost data, Sedai identifies trends and anomalies, enabling proactive cost control and eliminating wasteful spending. With CUR data, Sedai is able to automate recommendations and actions that minimize your AWS spending while ensuring your environment remains optimized for performance.

2. Selecting the Appropriate EC2 Instance Type

Selecting the right EC2 instance type is critical for achieving cost efficiency. AWS offers a variety of instance types, each optimized for different use cases, making it essential to understand your workload requirements before deciding. Here’s how to approach this decision in a strategic and informed way:

AWS Instance Selection Guide

AWS Instance Selection Guide

Step Description
Assess Workload Requirements The first step is to analyze your application's specific needs—CPU, memory, storage, and networking requirements. Choosing an instance type should be directly tied to these needs to ensure the best performance at the lowest cost. For example, compute-intensive workloads like video rendering or large-scale data analytics may require instances with high CPU capabilities, such as C6g or M6i. On the other hand, simple web servers or lightweight applications may perform well with cost-effective options like T4g instances. Over-provisioning, where resources exceed what is needed for your workload, results in unnecessary spending, so it's crucial to match the workload precisely to the instance type.
Identify Instance Families AWS offers different EC2 instance families designed for specific purposes. These include General Purpose (e.g., T4g, M5) for a balance of CPU, memory, and networking; Compute Optimized (e.g., C6g, C5) for compute-heavy tasks; Memory Optimized (e.g., R5, X1e) for memory-intensive applications; and Storage Optimized (e.g., I3, D2) for applications needing high, sequential read and write access to large data sets. Knowing these families helps you select an instance that fits your use case well.
Consider Cost-Effective Options AWS offers ARM-based instances (Graviton) and AMD-based instances that serve as cost-effective alternatives to the standard x86-based Intel instances. For example, Graviton2 instances can deliver up to 40% better price performance for certain workloads. These instances are well-suited for applications that can run on ARM architecture, such as containerized workloads, microservices, and open-source databases. Similarly, AMD instances (e.g., M5a, T3a) offer similar performance to Intel instances but at a lower cost, providing an opportunity to save without sacrificing performance. Evaluating these options can be the difference between efficient spending and a budget overrun.
Match Instance Types to Specific Workloads Matching the right instance type with specific workloads ensures efficient resource utilization and cost optimization. For example, for databases that require low latency and high memory, R5 or X1e instances may be ideal. For gaming servers or scientific modeling, which demand high processing power, Compute Optimized instances like C5 would be a better fit. Understanding workload requirements such as I/O throughput, memory utilization, and computational power helps ensure that instances are not over or under-provisioned.
Right-Sizing During Instance Selection Choosing an instance that fits your workload needs initially is good, but continuous evaluation is key. Workloads change, and an instance that was optimal during deployment may become over-provisioned or underpowered as demands evolve. Tools like AWS Compute Optimizer provide recommendations for right-sizing instances by evaluating utilization metrics. This helps ensure that you are using an instance type that matches current usage patterns without excess spending.
Leverage Burstable Instances for Spiky Workloads AWS offers Burstable Performance Instances (e.g., T4g, T3), which are cost-effective for workloads that have occasional spikes in CPU requirements but do not require sustained high performance. Burstable instances accumulate CPU credits when running below their baseline performance, allowing them to burst when the workload demands higher CPU power. This is an excellent choice for development environments, test servers, or websites with fluctuating traffic.
Use Spot Instances for Flexible Workloads If your workload is flexible and can handle interruptions, consider using Spot Instances. They allow you to use spare AWS capacity at up to 90% discounts compared to On-Demand pricing. Spot Instances are ideal for data processing, batch jobs, or workloads that are not time-sensitive, providing a significant cost advantage without compromising the overall performance of non-critical tasks.

Best Practices for Selecting EC2 Instance Types

  • Understand Your Workload: Different workloads have varying requirements in terms of CPU, memory, storage, and network capabilities. Invest time in understanding these needs before selecting an instance.
  • Evaluate Cost vs. Performance Trade-offs: Cheaper instance types are not always the best fit. Evaluating ARM-based Graviton2 and AMD-based instances can often provide the best price-performance ratio, depending on the workload.
  • Adapt to Workload Changes: Regularly revisit the instance selection as your workload requirements change. AWS Compute Optimizer and CloudWatch are useful tools to ensure that instances are always right-sized to match demand.
  • Leverage Savings Plans for Predictable Needs: If you anticipate using a particular instance type over a long period, Savings Plans or Reserved Instances can offer significant discounts, lowering overall costs.

Sedai can help by automating the process of evaluating your instance needs in real time and providing actionable recommendations. By integrating Sedai, you ensure that your instances are always optimally selected and adjusted, keeping costs down while maintaining the performance your workloads require.

Leveraging Reserved Instances and Savings Plans

For workloads that have predictable requirements, leveraging AWS Reserved Instances (RIs) and Savings Plans can significantly reduce your AWS EC2 costs. Below is a summary of how these pricing models can help you save:

AWS Savings Plans vs Reserved Instances
Feature Savings Plans Reserved Instances (RIs)
Overview Flexible pricing model offering savings of up to 72%. Applies to EC2, AWS Fargate, and Lambda. A billing discount applied for making a one- or three-year commitment, offering savings of up to 72%.
Flexibility Applies to any instance type, family, Region, or size, with flexibility to shift workloads between services. Commitment tied to a specific instance type, Region, or Availability Zone. Provides capacity reservation when purchased zonally.

Best Practices for Reducing AWS EC2 Costs with RIs and Savings Plans:

  • Use Compute Savings Plans if you need flexibility to move workloads across Regions, instances, or services like AWS Fargate or Lambda while still securing significant discounts.
  • Leverage EC2 Instance Savings Plans if your workload is stable and focused on specific instance types within a Region, enabling you to get the highest level of savings.
  • Reserved Instances are ideal if you want capacity reservations, especially for zonal use cases that require high availability. Opt for Convertible RIs if you anticipate workload changes.
  • Plan Payment Options Wisely: Use All Upfront payments for maximum savings or Partial Upfront if you need some flexibility. No Upfront options work well if you have cash flow constraints but still want savings.

Sedai can help optimize your savings by automatically evaluating your workloads and suggesting the ideal combination of Reserved Instances and Savings Plans, ensuring that you always strike the right balance between cost savings and flexibility.

  • Reserved Instances: Reserved Instances offer up to 72% savings compared to on-demand pricing. A detailed analysis of historical usage patterns can help determine whether a one-year or three-year term is appropriate. If your workload has predictable, steady usage, opting for RIs can lead to major savings.
  • Savings Plans: Unlike RIs, Savings Plans provide greater flexibility, allowing you to commit to a specific dollar-per-hour rate across regions, instance types, and even different services like Lambda. Sedai uses machine learning algorithms to evaluate your historical and current usage, dynamically suggesting the best mix of RIs and Savings Plans. By automatically managing these commitments, Sedai ensures optimal savings while maintaining operational flexibility.

Comparison Table: Reserved Instances vs. Savings Plans

AWS Savings Plans vs Reserved Instances
Feature AWS Savings Plans (SPs) AWS Reserved Instances (RIs)
Description Save up to 72% by committing to a set hourly spend for 1 or 3 years. Save up to 72% by committing to specific instance types in a region for 1 or 3 years.
Types - Compute Savings Plans
- EC2 Instance Savings Plans
- Queued Savings Plans
- Convertible RIs
- Standard RIs
- Scheduled RIs
Potential Savings Up to 66% (Compute SPs)
Up to 72% (EC2 Instance SPs)
- 40% for 1 year
- 60% for 3 years
Up to 66% (Convertible RIs)
Up to 72% (Standard RIs)
- 31% for 1 year
- 54% for 3 years
Usage Applies To - Amazon EC2
- AWS Fargate
- AWS Lambda
- Amazon SageMaker
- Amazon EC2 only (must match specific instances in use)
Capacity Reservation Not by default, but can be reserved using On-Demand Capacity Reservations. Yes, by default, within a specific Availability Zone.
- Convertible RIs can be exchanged or modified.
- Standard RIs can be modified but not exchanged.
Ideal Use Case Flexible usage with potential instance changes. Predictable and steady usage with fixed instance types.

4. Utilizing Spot Instances for Cost Savings

Amazon EC2 Spot Instances provide a cost-effective way to run workloads by taking advantage of unused EC2 capacity. They offer discounts of up to 90% compared to On-Demand pricing, making them ideal for reducing AWS EC2 costs.

Spot Instances lets you use unused EC2 capacity at deeply discounted rates, making them suitable for stateless, fault-tolerant, or flexible applications. Workloads such as big data processing, containerized workloads, CI/CD pipelines, web servers, high-performance computing (HPC), and test & development environments are particularly well-suited for Spot Instances.

  • Non-Critical Applications: Spot Instances are perfect for workloads that can tolerate interruptions—think batch jobs, data processing, or development environments. Running non-critical applications on Spot Instances could be up to ten times cheaper compared to On-Demand instances.
  • Spot Fleet Management: AWS Spot Fleet helps you create a collection of Spot Instances and automatically maintain your desired capacity. Sedai integrates with Spot Fleet to dynamically adjust the mix of On-Demand and Spot Instances based on pricing, availability, and workload requirements, maximizing cost efficiency.

Sedai automates the integration of Spot Instances into your infrastructure, dynamically adjusting workloads to capitalize on cost savings without compromising performance. This approach ensures that your workloads make the best use of the available capacity, maintaining efficiency and reducing costs wherever possible.

AWS Auto Scaling Groups

Auto Scaling Groups (ASG) in AWS are a fundamental component of cloud infrastructure, ensuring applications scale automatically to maintain performance and cost efficiency. But configuring ASGs correctly requires careful tuning. Let’s break down how to define ASGs, set them up, and configure the right parameters before exploring how automation can streamline this process.

How to Set Up and Configure an ASG

  1. Define Launch Template
    • Choose an AMI, instance type, security groups, and key pair.
    • Configure storage and networking settings.
  2. Create the Auto Scaling Group
    • Specify minimum, maximum, and desired instance counts.
    • Attach a Load Balancer (if needed).
  3. Set Scaling Policies
    • Manual Scaling: Requires predefined instance counts.
    • Dynamic Scaling: Adjusts instances based on CloudWatch metrics (e.g., CPU, memory, latency).
    • Predictive Scaling: Uses ML-based forecasting to adjust capacity ahead of demand changes.
  4. Fine-Tuning Parameters
    • Cooldown Periods: Prevents rapid scaling fluctuations.
    • Health Checks & Replacement: Ensures failed instances are replaced.
    • Termination Policies: Defines how instances are removed when scaling down.

Beyond Manual Configuration: The Automation Spectrum

Manually adjusting ASG parameters is time-consuming and prone to inefficiencies. Automation helps, but not all solutions are created equal.

  1. Automated Tools – Basic automation can handle scaling, but it often lacks context on workload patterns, leading to suboptimal performance or unnecessary costs.
  2. Co-Pilot Approach (Human-in-the-Loop) – Some solutions provide recommendations while still requiring human oversight to approve or refine scaling decisions.
  3. Autonomous Optimization (Auto-Pilot Mode) – This is where Sedai stands out. Instead of just automating scaling, Sedai autonomously determines the best parameters and continuously adjusts them in real-time.

Sedai moves beyond traditional ASG management by:

  • Analyzing workload trends to set optimal scaling parameters.
  • Adjusting in real-time instead of relying on static rules.
  • Reducing manual effort while ensuring cost and performance balance.

By using an autonomous approach like Sedai, teams can eliminate the guesswork in ASG configuration and achieve continuous, self-optimizing scaling—without human intervention.

EC2 Monitoring and Adjustment

By tracking CPU usage, memory utilization, network throughput, and other key metrics, you can determine whether an instance is properly matched to its workload. If you notice underutilization, it's a sign that downsizing may be in order, while consistent high usage may indicate a need to upgrade to a more powerful instance.

  • Dynamic Scaling: Auto Scaling ensures that the number of running instances scales in line with demand. For example, you can set rules that automatically add instances when CPU usage exceeds a certain threshold and reduce instances during periods of low demand, ensuring that you only pay for what you use.
  • Monitoring Tools: AWS CloudWatch provides the metrics necessary to make informed scaling decisions. CloudWatch can track CPU usage, memory utilization, network activity, and more. By combining AWS CloudWatch with Sedai's autonomous features, you get proactive, data-driven adjustments that keep your costs optimized without needing constant manual oversight.

Eliminating Unused and Idle Resources

Regularly auditing your AWS environment for unused or idle resources is one of the simplest ways to reduce costs:

  • Identify Idle Instances: AWS Trusted Advisor is a great tool to detect underutilized or idle EC2 instances. Unused Elastic Load Balancers, idle EC2 instances, and orphaned EBS volumes are common culprits that silently inflate your bill.
  • Automate Cleanup: AWS Lambda functions can help automate the deletion of unused resources. For instance, Lambda scripts can be written to automatically shut down instances during non-business hours. Sedai can take these automation efforts further by integrating with these Lambda functions and continuously monitoring your environment for inefficiencies, ensuring that unused resources are promptly decommissioned.

Idle Resource Audit Checklist

AWS Trusted Advisor Recommendations
Resource Type Tool for Detection Action
Idle EC2 Instances AWS Trusted Advisor Shutdown or resize
Orphaned EBS Volumes AWS Trusted Advisor Delete
Unused Elastic IPs AWS Trusted Advisor Release
Underutilized Load Balancers AWS Trusted Advisor Decommission

Right-Sizing Workloads

Right-sizing is the process of matching instance types and sizes to your workload performance and capacity requirements at the lowest possible cost. It also involves looking at deployed instances and identifying opportunities to eliminate or downsize without compromising performance, which leads to significant cost savings.

AWS Right-Sizing Activities
Activities Description
Right Sizing as an Ongoing Process Right-sizing is not a one-time activity but an ongoing process that continually aligns resources to workload needs, ensuring costs are minimized.
Identifying Opportunities Continually analyze instance performance and usage patterns to turn off idle instances or downsize overprovisioned instances, optimizing costs.
Tools for Right-Sizing Right-sizing resources effectively requires a combination of advanced tools. AWS Compute Optimizer and AWS CloudWatch provide insights into underutilized resources, helping teams make informed decisions about instance resizing. Additionally, AI-driven platforms like Sedai enhance right-sizing strategies by leveraging autonomous optimization.
EC2 Instance Types AWS EC2 offers a range of instance types optimized for various use cases, enabling you to choose the right combination of CPU, memory, and storage to meet workload requirements.

Best Practices for Right-Sizing

  • Tagging for Visibility: Enforce tagging policies for all instances and resources to simplify monitoring, making it easier to spot optimization opportunities.
  • Adapt to Changing Workloads: Resource requirements may change over time, making right-sizing a continuous process. Regular audits and adjustments are key to maintaining cost efficiency.

Sedai automates the right-sizing process, continuously analyzing workload patterns and adjusting resources accordingly. By integrating Sedai, you can ensure that your AWS infrastructure is cost-effective, with optimal performance, without needing constant manual oversight.

Example: Sedai in Action

Source: Sedai

In environments discussed in Best Practices for Reducing AWS EC2 Costs, manual efforts often result in suboptimal savings and underutilized resources. Early adopters of Sedai’s optimization capabilities have experienced:

  • Up to 30% cost savings through automated resource adjustments.
  • Improved latency by 25%, enhancing application performance.
  • 90% reduction in operations effort, freeing up resources for strategic initiatives.

For example, a Sedai customer with a large AWS EC2 footprint identified annual savings of $75,000 by rightsizing their development and test environments. The platform’s automated recommendations replaced overprovisioned instances with optimal configurations, achieving significant efficiency gains.

Maximize Your Cost Savings Today

Source: Sedai

Optimizing AWS EC2 costs doesn’t have to be a guessing game—especially when you leverage the right tools and automation. By adopting these best practices and integrating platforms like Sedai, you can unlock significant savings while ensuring your cloud environment is running smoothly. Continuous monitoring, intelligent resource allocation, and proactive management are essential to keeping your AWS infrastructure lean, mean, and cost-efficient.

If you’re ready to take your AWS EC2 cost management to the next level, consider integrating Sedai for autonomous optimization. Don’t leave money on the table—book a consultation now and see how Sedai can help you achieve maximum savings while keeping performance high.

FAQs

1. How do I identify underutilized EC2 instances in AWS?

Identifying underutilized EC2 instances involves monitoring CPU, memory, and network usage. Tools like AWS Trusted Advisor and AWS Compute Optimizer can provide actionable insights into idle or oversized instances. Integrating automation tools like Sedai can help detect and right-size these instances without manual intervention.

2. What is the difference between Reserved Instances and Savings Plans in AWS?

Reserved Instances (RIs) offer discounts for committing to a specific instance type and region, while Savings Plans provide more flexibility across instance types and services like Fargate and Lambda. Choosing between them depends on workload predictability and your need for flexibility.

3. What are AWS Spot Instances, and how can they reduce EC2 costs?

Spot Instances use unused EC2 capacity at significantly reduced prices—up to 90% cheaper than On-Demand pricing. These are ideal for fault-tolerant workloads like batch processing, CI/CD pipelines, and data analysis. However, they can be interrupted by AWS with little notice, so they are best for non-critical tasks.

4. How can auto-scaling improve cost-efficiency in AWS EC2?

Auto-scaling dynamically adjusts the number of instances based on demand, ensuring that you only pay for what you use. Combining AWS Auto Scaling with tools like Sedai can further optimize scaling decisions by predicting workload patterns and automating instance adjustments.

5. What are burstable performance instances, and when should I use them?

Burstable instances like T3 and T4g accumulate CPU credits during low usage periods and can use these credits for performance bursts. They are cost-effective for workloads with periodic spikes, such as small web servers or development environments.

6. How does Sedai simplify AWS EC2 cost optimization?

Sedai automates the optimization of EC2 resources by continuously analyzing workload metrics, right-sizing instances, and implementing cost-saving recommendations. This reduces manual effort and ensures real-time alignment of resource allocation with application demands.

7. What is the role of tagging in AWS cost optimization?

Tagging helps organize and categorize AWS resources, making it easier to track and allocate costs effectively. Using cost allocation tags, you can identify spending by project, team, or environment, ensuring more accurate cost management.

8. What are some common mistakes in AWS EC2 cost management?

  • Overprovisioning instances without assessing actual needs.
  • Ignoring Reserved Instances or Savings Plans for predictable workloads.
  • Failing to audit idle or underutilized resources.
  • Not leveraging Spot Instances for flexible workloads.
  • Lack of monitoring and real-time adjustments using tools like Sedai.

9. How often should I review my AWS EC2 cost optimization strategy?

Regular reviews are essential, especially as workload demands and AWS pricing evolve. A quarterly or monthly review, aided by tools like AWS Cost Explorer and Sedai, ensures that your infrastructure remains cost-effective and aligned with business needs.

10. Are ARM-based Graviton instances more cost-effective than x86-based instances?

ARM-based Graviton instances can deliver up to 40% better price-performance for suitable workloads. They are ideal for containerized applications, web servers, and databases, offering a cost-effective alternative to Intel or AMD-based instances.

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CONTENTS

Best Practices for Reducing AWS EC2 Costs

Published on
Last updated on

March 10, 2025

Max 3 min
Best Practices for Reducing AWS EC2 Costs

Cloud computing offers flexibility and scalability, but managing costs, especially with AWS, can be challenging. Among AWS services, EC2 is often the largest cost driver, accounting for an estimated 30% to 40% of customer cloud bills, representing a potential $40 billion in revenue for Amazon. The complexities of AWS billing can make cost optimization feel like an ongoing struggle solving one issue often leads to another.

However, reducing EC2 costs doesn’t have to be a continuous battle. By applying best practices, leveraging AWS’s native tools, and integrating autonomous platforms like Sedai, businesses can take control of their cloud budget. With smart decisions and automation, significant savings can be achieved without compromising performance or reliability.

Optimizing AWS EC2 costs requires a combination of smart tooling, strategic instance selection, and ongoing cost management. In this guide, we break down the best ways to reduce EC2 expenses, starting with tools that simplify optimization, followed by engineering best practices for selecting the right instances. 

We’ll then cover cost-saving opportunities with Spot Instances, efficient auto-scaling techniques, and the importance of continuous monitoring to sustain long-term savings. By integrating solutions like Sedai, you can automate these steps and make cost efficiency a seamless part of your cloud operations.

For a comprehensive overview of AWS EC2 instance types and their detailed characteristics, visit our AWS EC2 Instances Guide.

AWS Cost Management Tools

Effective cost management starts with AWS’s native tools. These tools are designed to help you get a grip on your spending and understand what’s eating up your budget. Here’s a deeper dive into how you can effectively use them:

AWS Cost Explorer

AWS Cost Explorer is an essential tool for visualizing, understanding, and managing your AWS costs and usage over time. It features an easy-to-use interface that allows you to quickly create custom reports to analyze cost and usage data. Cost Explorer is invaluable for gaining insights into your cloud spending by identifying cost drivers, detecting anomalies, and forecasting future expenditures. Here's how it works in detail:

AWS Cost Explorer Features
Feature Description
Visualize Costs and Usage Offers a visual representation of spending across services, regions, and accounts, allowing deep analysis of cost distribution.
Preconfigured Views and Custom Reports Provides pre-built views for instant insights and allows the creation of custom reports tailored to specific services or accounts.
Forecast Costs and Usage Enables users to create 12-month forecasts to estimate future AWS bills, useful for budgeting and setting alarms.
Granular Filtering Supports daily, monthly, hourly, and resource-level granularity, offering precise insights into cost drivers.
Enablement and Updates Data is prepared for the current and previous 12 months, available in about 24 hours, and updated at least once daily.
Use Case – Custom Applications Cost Explorer API allows integration into custom applications for real-time budget visibility and analytics.

Integrating AWS Cost Explorer with Sedai can further optimize cost analysis, as Sedai automates the insights obtained from Cost Explorer to continuously make decisions that minimize cloud spending without manual intervention.

AWS Trusted Advisor

AWS Trusted Advisor is a comprehensive tool that helps you optimize costs, improve performance, strengthen security, and enhance resilience across your AWS environment. Trusted Advisor continuously evaluates your AWS setup using best practice checks in categories such as cost optimization, performance, resilience, security, operational excellence, and service limits. Here’s how AWS Trusted Advisor can help you:

AWS Recommendations Table

AWS Recommendations Table

Feature Description
Optimize Costs and Efficiency Identifies underutilized or idle resources (e.g., idle EC2 instances, unused EBS volumes) and recommends cost-saving actions like purchasing Reserved Instances.
Performance and Security Enhancements Evaluates configuration to optimize performance and address security vulnerabilities, ensuring compliance with AWS standards.
Service Limits and Resilience Checks Monitors AWS service usage and identifies redundancy shortfalls, ensuring resource limits are not exceeded and maintaining resilience.
Access Levels Provides 56 checks for all AWS accounts. AWS Business Support or higher unlocks an additional 426 checks for deeper insights.
Prioritize Important Recommendations Offers prioritized recommendations based on business priorities and critical applications for Enterprise Support customers.
Streamline Collaboration and Integrate at Scale Aggregates recommendations across the organization and integrates programmatically using the Trusted Advisor API for tracking and automation.

Sedai can be seamlessly integrated with Trusted Advisor to autonomously implement the recommendations provided by the tool, enhancing cost efficiency and improving security and performance without manual effort. By using Sedai, your AWS environment can remain continuously optimized according to AWS best practices, allowing you to maximize savings and operational excellence.

AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR)

AWS Cost and Usage Reports (CUR) is an indispensable tool for diving deeper into your AWS cost and usage data. It provides highly granular billing information, enabling you to better understand and optimize your cloud spending. Here’s how AWS CUR can help you manage and reduce AWS costs effectively:

AWS Cost Management Table

AWS Cost Management Table

Feature Description
Optimization Opportunities CUR provides insights at the resource level to understand cost drivers and uncover cost optimization opportunities.
Organize Cost and Usage Data Allows you to organize cost and usage data using AWS cost categories and allocation tags to categorize expenses effectively.
Create Billing Reports Create and publish detailed billing reports, which can break down cloud costs for finance and accounting purposes.
Customized Data Exports Create customized exports of billing and cost data with AWS Data Exports, also integrate with Amazon QuickSight dashboards for visualization.
Track Savings Plan Usage CUR helps track and amortize Savings Plans and Reserved Instances, allowing appropriate internal cost allocations.
Cost Anomaly Detection Allows analysis of cost anomalies, helping understand unexpected increases or decreases in costs for timely action.
Integrate with Member Accounts Works across multiple accounts to provide a complete picture of costs and usage for the entire organization, useful for enterprises managing several AWS accounts.

Sedai leverages the AWS Cost and Usage Report to make real-time, data-driven decisions that align your cloud resource usage with cost-saving best practices. By continuously analyzing usage and cost data, Sedai identifies trends and anomalies, enabling proactive cost control and eliminating wasteful spending. With CUR data, Sedai is able to automate recommendations and actions that minimize your AWS spending while ensuring your environment remains optimized for performance.

2. Selecting the Appropriate EC2 Instance Type

Selecting the right EC2 instance type is critical for achieving cost efficiency. AWS offers a variety of instance types, each optimized for different use cases, making it essential to understand your workload requirements before deciding. Here’s how to approach this decision in a strategic and informed way:

AWS Instance Selection Guide

AWS Instance Selection Guide

Step Description
Assess Workload Requirements The first step is to analyze your application's specific needs—CPU, memory, storage, and networking requirements. Choosing an instance type should be directly tied to these needs to ensure the best performance at the lowest cost. For example, compute-intensive workloads like video rendering or large-scale data analytics may require instances with high CPU capabilities, such as C6g or M6i. On the other hand, simple web servers or lightweight applications may perform well with cost-effective options like T4g instances. Over-provisioning, where resources exceed what is needed for your workload, results in unnecessary spending, so it's crucial to match the workload precisely to the instance type.
Identify Instance Families AWS offers different EC2 instance families designed for specific purposes. These include General Purpose (e.g., T4g, M5) for a balance of CPU, memory, and networking; Compute Optimized (e.g., C6g, C5) for compute-heavy tasks; Memory Optimized (e.g., R5, X1e) for memory-intensive applications; and Storage Optimized (e.g., I3, D2) for applications needing high, sequential read and write access to large data sets. Knowing these families helps you select an instance that fits your use case well.
Consider Cost-Effective Options AWS offers ARM-based instances (Graviton) and AMD-based instances that serve as cost-effective alternatives to the standard x86-based Intel instances. For example, Graviton2 instances can deliver up to 40% better price performance for certain workloads. These instances are well-suited for applications that can run on ARM architecture, such as containerized workloads, microservices, and open-source databases. Similarly, AMD instances (e.g., M5a, T3a) offer similar performance to Intel instances but at a lower cost, providing an opportunity to save without sacrificing performance. Evaluating these options can be the difference between efficient spending and a budget overrun.
Match Instance Types to Specific Workloads Matching the right instance type with specific workloads ensures efficient resource utilization and cost optimization. For example, for databases that require low latency and high memory, R5 or X1e instances may be ideal. For gaming servers or scientific modeling, which demand high processing power, Compute Optimized instances like C5 would be a better fit. Understanding workload requirements such as I/O throughput, memory utilization, and computational power helps ensure that instances are not over or under-provisioned.
Right-Sizing During Instance Selection Choosing an instance that fits your workload needs initially is good, but continuous evaluation is key. Workloads change, and an instance that was optimal during deployment may become over-provisioned or underpowered as demands evolve. Tools like AWS Compute Optimizer provide recommendations for right-sizing instances by evaluating utilization metrics. This helps ensure that you are using an instance type that matches current usage patterns without excess spending.
Leverage Burstable Instances for Spiky Workloads AWS offers Burstable Performance Instances (e.g., T4g, T3), which are cost-effective for workloads that have occasional spikes in CPU requirements but do not require sustained high performance. Burstable instances accumulate CPU credits when running below their baseline performance, allowing them to burst when the workload demands higher CPU power. This is an excellent choice for development environments, test servers, or websites with fluctuating traffic.
Use Spot Instances for Flexible Workloads If your workload is flexible and can handle interruptions, consider using Spot Instances. They allow you to use spare AWS capacity at up to 90% discounts compared to On-Demand pricing. Spot Instances are ideal for data processing, batch jobs, or workloads that are not time-sensitive, providing a significant cost advantage without compromising the overall performance of non-critical tasks.

Best Practices for Selecting EC2 Instance Types

  • Understand Your Workload: Different workloads have varying requirements in terms of CPU, memory, storage, and network capabilities. Invest time in understanding these needs before selecting an instance.
  • Evaluate Cost vs. Performance Trade-offs: Cheaper instance types are not always the best fit. Evaluating ARM-based Graviton2 and AMD-based instances can often provide the best price-performance ratio, depending on the workload.
  • Adapt to Workload Changes: Regularly revisit the instance selection as your workload requirements change. AWS Compute Optimizer and CloudWatch are useful tools to ensure that instances are always right-sized to match demand.
  • Leverage Savings Plans for Predictable Needs: If you anticipate using a particular instance type over a long period, Savings Plans or Reserved Instances can offer significant discounts, lowering overall costs.

Sedai can help by automating the process of evaluating your instance needs in real time and providing actionable recommendations. By integrating Sedai, you ensure that your instances are always optimally selected and adjusted, keeping costs down while maintaining the performance your workloads require.

Leveraging Reserved Instances and Savings Plans

For workloads that have predictable requirements, leveraging AWS Reserved Instances (RIs) and Savings Plans can significantly reduce your AWS EC2 costs. Below is a summary of how these pricing models can help you save:

AWS Savings Plans vs Reserved Instances
Feature Savings Plans Reserved Instances (RIs)
Overview Flexible pricing model offering savings of up to 72%. Applies to EC2, AWS Fargate, and Lambda. A billing discount applied for making a one- or three-year commitment, offering savings of up to 72%.
Flexibility Applies to any instance type, family, Region, or size, with flexibility to shift workloads between services. Commitment tied to a specific instance type, Region, or Availability Zone. Provides capacity reservation when purchased zonally.

Best Practices for Reducing AWS EC2 Costs with RIs and Savings Plans:

  • Use Compute Savings Plans if you need flexibility to move workloads across Regions, instances, or services like AWS Fargate or Lambda while still securing significant discounts.
  • Leverage EC2 Instance Savings Plans if your workload is stable and focused on specific instance types within a Region, enabling you to get the highest level of savings.
  • Reserved Instances are ideal if you want capacity reservations, especially for zonal use cases that require high availability. Opt for Convertible RIs if you anticipate workload changes.
  • Plan Payment Options Wisely: Use All Upfront payments for maximum savings or Partial Upfront if you need some flexibility. No Upfront options work well if you have cash flow constraints but still want savings.

Sedai can help optimize your savings by automatically evaluating your workloads and suggesting the ideal combination of Reserved Instances and Savings Plans, ensuring that you always strike the right balance between cost savings and flexibility.

  • Reserved Instances: Reserved Instances offer up to 72% savings compared to on-demand pricing. A detailed analysis of historical usage patterns can help determine whether a one-year or three-year term is appropriate. If your workload has predictable, steady usage, opting for RIs can lead to major savings.
  • Savings Plans: Unlike RIs, Savings Plans provide greater flexibility, allowing you to commit to a specific dollar-per-hour rate across regions, instance types, and even different services like Lambda. Sedai uses machine learning algorithms to evaluate your historical and current usage, dynamically suggesting the best mix of RIs and Savings Plans. By automatically managing these commitments, Sedai ensures optimal savings while maintaining operational flexibility.

Comparison Table: Reserved Instances vs. Savings Plans

AWS Savings Plans vs Reserved Instances
Feature AWS Savings Plans (SPs) AWS Reserved Instances (RIs)
Description Save up to 72% by committing to a set hourly spend for 1 or 3 years. Save up to 72% by committing to specific instance types in a region for 1 or 3 years.
Types - Compute Savings Plans
- EC2 Instance Savings Plans
- Queued Savings Plans
- Convertible RIs
- Standard RIs
- Scheduled RIs
Potential Savings Up to 66% (Compute SPs)
Up to 72% (EC2 Instance SPs)
- 40% for 1 year
- 60% for 3 years
Up to 66% (Convertible RIs)
Up to 72% (Standard RIs)
- 31% for 1 year
- 54% for 3 years
Usage Applies To - Amazon EC2
- AWS Fargate
- AWS Lambda
- Amazon SageMaker
- Amazon EC2 only (must match specific instances in use)
Capacity Reservation Not by default, but can be reserved using On-Demand Capacity Reservations. Yes, by default, within a specific Availability Zone.
- Convertible RIs can be exchanged or modified.
- Standard RIs can be modified but not exchanged.
Ideal Use Case Flexible usage with potential instance changes. Predictable and steady usage with fixed instance types.

4. Utilizing Spot Instances for Cost Savings

Amazon EC2 Spot Instances provide a cost-effective way to run workloads by taking advantage of unused EC2 capacity. They offer discounts of up to 90% compared to On-Demand pricing, making them ideal for reducing AWS EC2 costs.

Spot Instances lets you use unused EC2 capacity at deeply discounted rates, making them suitable for stateless, fault-tolerant, or flexible applications. Workloads such as big data processing, containerized workloads, CI/CD pipelines, web servers, high-performance computing (HPC), and test & development environments are particularly well-suited for Spot Instances.

  • Non-Critical Applications: Spot Instances are perfect for workloads that can tolerate interruptions—think batch jobs, data processing, or development environments. Running non-critical applications on Spot Instances could be up to ten times cheaper compared to On-Demand instances.
  • Spot Fleet Management: AWS Spot Fleet helps you create a collection of Spot Instances and automatically maintain your desired capacity. Sedai integrates with Spot Fleet to dynamically adjust the mix of On-Demand and Spot Instances based on pricing, availability, and workload requirements, maximizing cost efficiency.

Sedai automates the integration of Spot Instances into your infrastructure, dynamically adjusting workloads to capitalize on cost savings without compromising performance. This approach ensures that your workloads make the best use of the available capacity, maintaining efficiency and reducing costs wherever possible.

AWS Auto Scaling Groups

Auto Scaling Groups (ASG) in AWS are a fundamental component of cloud infrastructure, ensuring applications scale automatically to maintain performance and cost efficiency. But configuring ASGs correctly requires careful tuning. Let’s break down how to define ASGs, set them up, and configure the right parameters before exploring how automation can streamline this process.

How to Set Up and Configure an ASG

  1. Define Launch Template
    • Choose an AMI, instance type, security groups, and key pair.
    • Configure storage and networking settings.
  2. Create the Auto Scaling Group
    • Specify minimum, maximum, and desired instance counts.
    • Attach a Load Balancer (if needed).
  3. Set Scaling Policies
    • Manual Scaling: Requires predefined instance counts.
    • Dynamic Scaling: Adjusts instances based on CloudWatch metrics (e.g., CPU, memory, latency).
    • Predictive Scaling: Uses ML-based forecasting to adjust capacity ahead of demand changes.
  4. Fine-Tuning Parameters
    • Cooldown Periods: Prevents rapid scaling fluctuations.
    • Health Checks & Replacement: Ensures failed instances are replaced.
    • Termination Policies: Defines how instances are removed when scaling down.

Beyond Manual Configuration: The Automation Spectrum

Manually adjusting ASG parameters is time-consuming and prone to inefficiencies. Automation helps, but not all solutions are created equal.

  1. Automated Tools – Basic automation can handle scaling, but it often lacks context on workload patterns, leading to suboptimal performance or unnecessary costs.
  2. Co-Pilot Approach (Human-in-the-Loop) – Some solutions provide recommendations while still requiring human oversight to approve or refine scaling decisions.
  3. Autonomous Optimization (Auto-Pilot Mode) – This is where Sedai stands out. Instead of just automating scaling, Sedai autonomously determines the best parameters and continuously adjusts them in real-time.

Sedai moves beyond traditional ASG management by:

  • Analyzing workload trends to set optimal scaling parameters.
  • Adjusting in real-time instead of relying on static rules.
  • Reducing manual effort while ensuring cost and performance balance.

By using an autonomous approach like Sedai, teams can eliminate the guesswork in ASG configuration and achieve continuous, self-optimizing scaling—without human intervention.

EC2 Monitoring and Adjustment

By tracking CPU usage, memory utilization, network throughput, and other key metrics, you can determine whether an instance is properly matched to its workload. If you notice underutilization, it's a sign that downsizing may be in order, while consistent high usage may indicate a need to upgrade to a more powerful instance.

  • Dynamic Scaling: Auto Scaling ensures that the number of running instances scales in line with demand. For example, you can set rules that automatically add instances when CPU usage exceeds a certain threshold and reduce instances during periods of low demand, ensuring that you only pay for what you use.
  • Monitoring Tools: AWS CloudWatch provides the metrics necessary to make informed scaling decisions. CloudWatch can track CPU usage, memory utilization, network activity, and more. By combining AWS CloudWatch with Sedai's autonomous features, you get proactive, data-driven adjustments that keep your costs optimized without needing constant manual oversight.

Eliminating Unused and Idle Resources

Regularly auditing your AWS environment for unused or idle resources is one of the simplest ways to reduce costs:

  • Identify Idle Instances: AWS Trusted Advisor is a great tool to detect underutilized or idle EC2 instances. Unused Elastic Load Balancers, idle EC2 instances, and orphaned EBS volumes are common culprits that silently inflate your bill.
  • Automate Cleanup: AWS Lambda functions can help automate the deletion of unused resources. For instance, Lambda scripts can be written to automatically shut down instances during non-business hours. Sedai can take these automation efforts further by integrating with these Lambda functions and continuously monitoring your environment for inefficiencies, ensuring that unused resources are promptly decommissioned.

Idle Resource Audit Checklist

AWS Trusted Advisor Recommendations
Resource Type Tool for Detection Action
Idle EC2 Instances AWS Trusted Advisor Shutdown or resize
Orphaned EBS Volumes AWS Trusted Advisor Delete
Unused Elastic IPs AWS Trusted Advisor Release
Underutilized Load Balancers AWS Trusted Advisor Decommission

Right-Sizing Workloads

Right-sizing is the process of matching instance types and sizes to your workload performance and capacity requirements at the lowest possible cost. It also involves looking at deployed instances and identifying opportunities to eliminate or downsize without compromising performance, which leads to significant cost savings.

AWS Right-Sizing Activities
Activities Description
Right Sizing as an Ongoing Process Right-sizing is not a one-time activity but an ongoing process that continually aligns resources to workload needs, ensuring costs are minimized.
Identifying Opportunities Continually analyze instance performance and usage patterns to turn off idle instances or downsize overprovisioned instances, optimizing costs.
Tools for Right-Sizing Right-sizing resources effectively requires a combination of advanced tools. AWS Compute Optimizer and AWS CloudWatch provide insights into underutilized resources, helping teams make informed decisions about instance resizing. Additionally, AI-driven platforms like Sedai enhance right-sizing strategies by leveraging autonomous optimization.
EC2 Instance Types AWS EC2 offers a range of instance types optimized for various use cases, enabling you to choose the right combination of CPU, memory, and storage to meet workload requirements.

Best Practices for Right-Sizing

  • Tagging for Visibility: Enforce tagging policies for all instances and resources to simplify monitoring, making it easier to spot optimization opportunities.
  • Adapt to Changing Workloads: Resource requirements may change over time, making right-sizing a continuous process. Regular audits and adjustments are key to maintaining cost efficiency.

Sedai automates the right-sizing process, continuously analyzing workload patterns and adjusting resources accordingly. By integrating Sedai, you can ensure that your AWS infrastructure is cost-effective, with optimal performance, without needing constant manual oversight.

Example: Sedai in Action

Source: Sedai

In environments discussed in Best Practices for Reducing AWS EC2 Costs, manual efforts often result in suboptimal savings and underutilized resources. Early adopters of Sedai’s optimization capabilities have experienced:

  • Up to 30% cost savings through automated resource adjustments.
  • Improved latency by 25%, enhancing application performance.
  • 90% reduction in operations effort, freeing up resources for strategic initiatives.

For example, a Sedai customer with a large AWS EC2 footprint identified annual savings of $75,000 by rightsizing their development and test environments. The platform’s automated recommendations replaced overprovisioned instances with optimal configurations, achieving significant efficiency gains.

Maximize Your Cost Savings Today

Source: Sedai

Optimizing AWS EC2 costs doesn’t have to be a guessing game—especially when you leverage the right tools and automation. By adopting these best practices and integrating platforms like Sedai, you can unlock significant savings while ensuring your cloud environment is running smoothly. Continuous monitoring, intelligent resource allocation, and proactive management are essential to keeping your AWS infrastructure lean, mean, and cost-efficient.

If you’re ready to take your AWS EC2 cost management to the next level, consider integrating Sedai for autonomous optimization. Don’t leave money on the table—book a consultation now and see how Sedai can help you achieve maximum savings while keeping performance high.

FAQs

1. How do I identify underutilized EC2 instances in AWS?

Identifying underutilized EC2 instances involves monitoring CPU, memory, and network usage. Tools like AWS Trusted Advisor and AWS Compute Optimizer can provide actionable insights into idle or oversized instances. Integrating automation tools like Sedai can help detect and right-size these instances without manual intervention.

2. What is the difference between Reserved Instances and Savings Plans in AWS?

Reserved Instances (RIs) offer discounts for committing to a specific instance type and region, while Savings Plans provide more flexibility across instance types and services like Fargate and Lambda. Choosing between them depends on workload predictability and your need for flexibility.

3. What are AWS Spot Instances, and how can they reduce EC2 costs?

Spot Instances use unused EC2 capacity at significantly reduced prices—up to 90% cheaper than On-Demand pricing. These are ideal for fault-tolerant workloads like batch processing, CI/CD pipelines, and data analysis. However, they can be interrupted by AWS with little notice, so they are best for non-critical tasks.

4. How can auto-scaling improve cost-efficiency in AWS EC2?

Auto-scaling dynamically adjusts the number of instances based on demand, ensuring that you only pay for what you use. Combining AWS Auto Scaling with tools like Sedai can further optimize scaling decisions by predicting workload patterns and automating instance adjustments.

5. What are burstable performance instances, and when should I use them?

Burstable instances like T3 and T4g accumulate CPU credits during low usage periods and can use these credits for performance bursts. They are cost-effective for workloads with periodic spikes, such as small web servers or development environments.

6. How does Sedai simplify AWS EC2 cost optimization?

Sedai automates the optimization of EC2 resources by continuously analyzing workload metrics, right-sizing instances, and implementing cost-saving recommendations. This reduces manual effort and ensures real-time alignment of resource allocation with application demands.

7. What is the role of tagging in AWS cost optimization?

Tagging helps organize and categorize AWS resources, making it easier to track and allocate costs effectively. Using cost allocation tags, you can identify spending by project, team, or environment, ensuring more accurate cost management.

8. What are some common mistakes in AWS EC2 cost management?

  • Overprovisioning instances without assessing actual needs.
  • Ignoring Reserved Instances or Savings Plans for predictable workloads.
  • Failing to audit idle or underutilized resources.
  • Not leveraging Spot Instances for flexible workloads.
  • Lack of monitoring and real-time adjustments using tools like Sedai.

9. How often should I review my AWS EC2 cost optimization strategy?

Regular reviews are essential, especially as workload demands and AWS pricing evolve. A quarterly or monthly review, aided by tools like AWS Cost Explorer and Sedai, ensures that your infrastructure remains cost-effective and aligned with business needs.

10. Are ARM-based Graviton instances more cost-effective than x86-based instances?

ARM-based Graviton instances can deliver up to 40% better price-performance for suitable workloads. They are ideal for containerized applications, web servers, and databases, offering a cost-effective alternative to Intel or AMD-based instances.

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